Bordwell Thompson and Smith Story - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1049 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Abstract These scenes convey the viewers; vision has to be shared to find that person with similar vision to fulfill the dream. As Bordwell, Thompson, and Smith write, the filmmaker use rhythm in sound and image often to coordinate the visible movement and sound closely (282). When Carl and Ellie get married, montages of the scene only 5 to 10 second in length are strung together to show their life together in fast-forward. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bordwell Thompson and Smith Story" essay for you Create order The music is bright and cheerful with a lively tempo when they get married, but in the end, when Ellie dies, the music slows down significantly, even going down an octave from the usual. The music holds this scene together because it tells us nothing new is happening and we are still watching the couple grow up together. Without the music, the viewer would take a few seconds to think about and analyze the new scene and what it was about. Whereas music helps to interpret the visual movement, building the romantic relationship effectively and understandable to the viewers. The mise-en-scene takes place when the Ellie have miscarriage and music get slowed down. The director uses backlighting in this scene to project the picture in the background and connect with Ellie miscarriage situation. Direction of light shows the picture of a baby in the womb that emphasizes the situation of Ellie miscarriage, which informs the viewers they are not going to have a baby. These situations convey the audience; in life, there will be a difficult situation and sad moment to go through. As Bordwell, Thompson, and Smith write, the sound from the previous scene tells the viewers in the image is already presenting the next scene (298). In Up, the sound begins to slow down in Ellie miscarriage scene; sound informs the viewer in the image that they are disappointed and sad for miscarriage. The music also informs the audience that they will spend sad and emotional situation until their new hope grows. The filmmaker uses adventure books to remind the Ellie, their dream, place their house beside the paradise fall. In the scene, when Carl shows adventure book to Ellie, the sound goes up, and the image shift from sad to excite moment. The sound helps to create visual moment excite and hopeful, shifting the tragedy of miscarriage to a happy moment. Carl understands how Ellie quite moment and handle her through a difficult situation and bring her in excitement. This scene shows their love for each other and how strong relationship they have. This sound design helps to understand the visual image of emotional, sad and excite moment. These scenes convey the audience that difficult situation can make use emotional and sad, but also bring hope and remind us of the dream that we have to fulfill. Love also helps each other to maintain the situation and empower one another to stay focused on dreams. As Bordwell, Thompson, and Smith write, the temporal editing control the time of the action presented in repeating elements and contribute the manipulation of story time (226). In Up, Ellie makes the Carl tie continuously. This scene builds temporal editing when Ellie make Carl ties, each time she makes Carl ties the time is passing continuously. The duration of this scene is temporary and shifts the visual movement of young married life to elderly portion. This scene conveys the viewer even the time went by, the relationship between husband and wife will remain romantic. In Up, the director uses the technique of mise-en-scene in Ellie funeral scene. In this scene, sad music and color scheme and church is dark and Carl is sad and grieving. This scene interprets the feeling of isolation moment from the wife. As Bordwell, Thompson, and Smith write, filmmakers use genre iconography from a symbolic image to carry meaning from scene to scene (330). The director uses casket, balloons, and darkness in Ellie funeral to shows all the romantic relationship they had spent has vanished and life will be full of darkness and isolate. Furthermore, the director use iconography in-house takes off a scene. In this scene, we see the happy moment, bright, vivid colors and hear the exciting music. Balloons, blue sky, wallpaper of the house reminds us the Carl and Ellie romantic relationship and adventures dream. The scene informs the viewers that Carl is free and excites to have gain adventures experience. It makes us feel that he is now going to fulfill his promise that he gave to Ellie, to park their house beside the paradise fall. As Bordwell, Thomson, and Smith write, the fidelity refers tan o the extent which the sound is faithful to the source as we conceive it (284). In Up, the fidelity is used when the house with balloons is caught in a huge thunderstorm; ta he music is loud, frightening and fast, with a panic-inducing feel to it. The film shows the thunderstorm with the fast wind, and we hear the thundering and fast windstorm noise, that sound is faithful to its source; the sound maintains fidelity. In a take-off a scene, the fidelity is used when Carl takes off his house with many balloons. Each sound effect in the scene shows us what happens in the visual and sound is maintaining its fidelity. As Bordwell, Thomson, and Smith write, rhythmic audio stimuli can provoke visual attention (281). In the scene, when the Carl house trap in thundering and windstorm, the rapid change of tempos, key, and rhythm add to feel that everything is happening fast and draw us to the attention to the visual. The director uses Sound design in the film to visualize an image, and it helps to understand the situation in particular. In up, Carl runs as fast as he can through the jungle towing Russell along and he is eager to get rid of the two disruptive creatures. In this scene, the music is energetic and fast along the image also moving fast to catch up the fast music. These scenes interpret Carl is hurried and did not want to get distractive by two creatures to reach his destination, Paradise fall. The continuity editing also takes place in this scene, when they are running away from two creatures, Kevin and Dug. The music and image are flowing in rhythm when they are running away from the two creatures.

The Starbucks Diaries Discovering And Interpreting The...

Shayeree Chakraborty Ms. Wafa Hamid American Literature 8 October 2014  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬___________________________________________________________________________ The Starbucks Diaries: Discovering and Interpreting The Cold War between Walt Whitman and Sherman Alexie One of the most interesting dynamics of any cold war is perhaps its very existence, as difficult to point out as its predicament. The very idea of war associates itself with a certain traditional idea of glory but in the case of cold warfare, this glory is subtle: show of confidence and force is a matter of pride in war, but when served cold, the ‘show’ must be missing in action. As Martin McCauley says in Russia, America and The Cold War, cold warfare is nothing but a state of conflict between nations without direct military or political action but pursued primarily through the use of proxy wars waged by surrogates. Going by this definition, it would be interesting to look at the poetry of Walt Whitman and his â€Å"successor† Sherman Alexie, as embodying the very spirit of cold warfare. The reason why I very carefully and deliberately use the term â€Å"successor† is to denote the common themes of nativity, belonging and culture that the two great poet s talk about. Although Alexie is openly appreciative of his predecessor, both are, strangely enough, two different nations within a nation; both are inherently political and both somehow embody a â€Å"struggle-for-the-microphone†: a term I shall

Effect of Corporate Governance elements on CSR Disclosure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1553 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction This chapter analyses the methodology for conducting research which has the objective to know whether the structure of corporate governance has an effect on CSR disclosure. Furthermore it attempts to undertake an in-depth analysis of CG and CSR disclosure and the need to draw a framework to develop and implement such system within a business which will promote CSR disclosure. It will also discuss the type of research to be carried out for this research. For the purpose of this study, several hypotheses based on the literature review will be developed. The research will be intensively based on the collection of secondary data and analysis of the data. The major reliance of the research design is collection of secondary data through annual report for the year 2009-10 and companys websites. Finally multiple regressions analysis will be used to find the relationship between CSR disclosure and the corporate governance structure. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effect of Corporate Governance elements on CSR Disclosure" essay for you Create order Research design Hypothesis Development The hypothesis that will be developed will take into consideration the relationship between CSR disclosure and the independent variables, namely the board size, board independence, duality, managerial ownership and foreign ownership after statistically controlling the effects of a firms size and the profitability of the companies. Hypothesis 1: The greater the board size, the lower the level of CSR disclosure. When looking back at previous researches, it comes to be known that small boards have less managerial conflicts. Therefore when there are fewer conflicts between management, the quality of financial disclosure will be enhanced and more attention is put in CSR disclosure. Hypothesis 2: There is a positive relationship between proportion of independent directors and the level of CSR disclosure. In a study done by Webb, it was found that socially responsible firms have more independent directors as the latter has the objective to safeguard the interest of its shareholders and enhance the image of the business. Hence companies with more independent directors will undertake more social responsibilities, leading to an increase in CSR disclosure. Hypothesis 3: Companies, which having CEO Duality, are more likely to have a lower extent of CSR disclosure. When there is CEO duality in a business, it results in situation whereby a person has more control than the board on the business. In this condition the person will prefer to improve quality of the business rather maximizing shareholders wealth. Hence when focusing on the improvement of business quality, there will less social activities and consequently less CSR disclosure. Hypothesis 4: There is a positive relationship between proportion of independent non-executive directors sit in audit committee and the level of CSR disclosure ownership concentration and corporate social disclosure. Audit Committee and its composition play a vital role in reporting of financial and non financial information. According to Mauritian Code of Corporate Governance (First Edition, Revise April 2004), the board should establish an audit committee with majority of independent directors. As mentioned above independent directors are more concerned with maximizing shareholders wealth, thus they will try to make maximum of disclosures which will be beneficial to the shareholders. Hypothesis 5: There is a negative relationship between the proportions of shares held by executives directors with the extent of corporate social disclosure. According to the agency theory, conflicts arise between shareholders and managers when the latter holds equity in the business as managers can take opportunity of the situation. However previous studies have shown that this conflict can be reduced when management holds more equity and it motivates managers to make more disclosures as creating a good image of the business will be beneficial to them. Hypothesis 6: There is a positive relationship between the proportions of shares held by foreign ownership with the extent of corporate social disclosure. Previous studies revealed that corporate social disclosures in Mauritius are still generally low. If a company has more contact with foreign stakeholders through ownership and trade, it may be encouraged more to adopt the GRI Guidelines and disclose CSR and this help to attract more investors. Conversely, if a company keeps closer ties with its domestic partners, it may be more reluctant to adopt the product of the Western concept, or simply less conscious of it (Granovetter 1973). Internationally competitive industries seem to be much better able to innovate in response to environmental regulation (Porter and van der Linde 1995: 108; Chapple et al. 2001). The Sample The initial sample was the listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius which consists of 47 companies for the year ended 2010. Then the stratified sampling was used to determine the final sample size. Out of 47 companies, only 35 companies were used to represent the final sample. The twelve companies excluded were those that did not have a website whereby they could make additional CSR disclosure. The sample consists of both financial and non financial companies. The study will be based on secondary data which will be collected from annual reports and companies websites. The annual reports of selected companies will be examined after being collected from the different companies or downloaded from their respective official web sites. Dependent Variables For this thesis, the content analysis was used that is a method of codifying the text or content of a report and this will depend on the selection criteria (Weber, 1988). In fact content analysis has been used extensively in researches about CSR reporting research (Abbot and Monsen, 1979; Ernst Ernst, 1976; Guthrie and Matthews, 1985; Haniffa and Cooke, 2005). Content analysis has been defined by Abbot and Monsen (1979) as: A technique for gathering data that consists of codifying qualitative information in subjective and literary form into categories in order to derive quantitative scales of varying levels of complexity. When considering past studies, predominantly the studies done by Ernst and Whinney (1978), Hackstone and Mine (1996), Haniffaa and Cooke (2005), the disclosed items were classified into five categories which were environmental, community involvement, human resource/employee information, product and energy. The CSR disclosure items were extracted from annual report and companies websites. The CSR disclosure index was constructed after combining both CSR disclosure items disclosed in annual report and companies websites. The CSR disclosure index (number of disclosures made by companies) was developed by adding all the items covering the five themes, which were environment, community, human resource, energy and product. This CSDI was developed by using the dichotomous, which the scores of 1, if the company disclose the items and 0, if it is not. The process will add all the scores and equally weighted. Independent Variables The independent variables which were considered in this study are as follows along with their description: Independent Variables Description Board size Numbers of directors sit on the board Board Independence Percentage of non-executive directors to total directors Duality A dichotomous variable will be used for the presence of dual leadership, where it will take the value of 1 if the CEO is also the Chairman of the board, and 0 otherwise Audit Committee Independence Percentages of non-executive directors to total of directors sitting on audit committee Managerial Ownership Percentage of shares owned by executive directors to total number of shares issued Foreign Ownership Percentage of shares owned by foreign shareholders to total number of shares issued Control Variables Two control variables were used in this study and they are: Firms size i.e. total assets and Profitability i.e. returns on assets and return on assets. These two variables has been extensively been used by past researchers in their study. The motive behind using these two variables is that it will enhance the relationship between corporate governance and CSR disclosure. This study will use total assets as a substitute to firms size and ROE as a measurement for profitability. These variables have been used by other researches (Hackston and Milne, 1996; Ho and Wong, 2001; Eng and Mak, 2003; Barnea and Rubins, 2004; Eng and Mak, 2003; Mohd Nasir and Abdullah, 2004; Haniffa and Cooke, 2005) as well while doing their research in CSR reporting. Analysis of Data The data that was collected in this research was examined using hierarchical regression method to know the effect of corporate governance structure on CSR disclosure index and the independent variables. Two models of regression were used in this study. The first one has only considered the effect of the control variables on CSR disclosure while the second model integrates both the independent and control variables. The reason behind this is to find out the level of variation which is only caused by the CG elements in CSR disclosure. The control variables were taken to be all other factors which could affect the level CSR disclosure. In order to see if the model was appropriate several tests underlying the regression model namely normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were carried out (Roshima Said, Yuserrie Hj Zainuddin and Hasnah Haron). In testing the model, it is involved two fold that are testing the individual independent variables and testing the overall relationship after model estimation (Hair et al., 1998). The regression model is as follows: Model1: CSD= ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²0 + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²8ROA + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²9TA + ÃÆ'ˆÃ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Model 2: CSD = ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²0 + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1BD SIZE + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2NED + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3DUAL + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4AC + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5MGR + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²6FRGN +ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²7ROE + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²8ROA + ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²9TA + ÃÆ'ˆÃ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Where CSD= CSR disclosure index: ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1BD SIZE : board size. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2NED : Percentage of non-executive directors to total directors. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3DUAL : CEO duality. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4AC : Proportion of non-executive directors to total of directors that sit in audit Committee ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²5MGR : Managerial ownership. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²6FRGN : Foreign ownership. ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²7ROE : Return on equity (proxy for profitability). ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²8ROA : ROA (proxy for profitability). ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²9TA : TA (proxy for size). : Error term

Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay - 771 Words

John Boyne has created a sophisticated and meaningful novel in The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas through his thematic analysis of power which explores society’s perception of authority; his symbolic representation of the fence which starkly exposes Bruno’s ignorance of cultural divisions; and ï ¬ nally, his characterisation of Mother revealing the fraught atmosphere during the Holocaust. The theme of power is explored in this novel through authoritative ï ¬ gures and their presentation in society.The character of Father displays his newfound sovereignty with ostentatiousness, and Bruno observes this closely. He notes how Father’s actions often lead to an instantaneous response, stating, â€Å"Father held a hand in the air, which immediately†¦show more content†¦His innocence is so innate that he remarks to Gretel, â€Å"I don’t understand why we’re not allowed on the other side of it. What’s so wrong with us that we can’t go over there and play?† Bruno’s innocent perspective contrasts with the cruelty occurring, questioning its value in a time when it was widely accepted. Just as Bruno does not see the fence as a reason for segregation, so too are readers inspired to eradicate the fences of prejudice wherever they exist in society today. The reï ¬â€šection this calls readers to undertake produces a profundity and sophistication in the novel. The language used to convey Bruno’s misunderstanding of the fence’s symbolism is simplistic. This literary technique, employed by Boyne, assists in portraying the naivety of Bruno. Bruno’s enquiry of â€Å"What’s so wrong with us that we can’t go over there and play?† demonstrates how his juvenility shapes his view of the world, and allows his friendship with Shmuel to ï ¬â€šourish despite their division. Shmuel’s concession that â€Å"they were all exactly the same really† illustrates this fact. The boys’ exemplar of friendship provided by their childish perspective encourages the audience to accept everyone, contributing to the insightfulness of the book; and in this way, its meaning and sophistication. The characterisation of MotherShow MoreRelatedThe Boy in Striped Pyjamas1080 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature about the Holocaust. Hitler and his struggle for power and dominance are infamous. Novels and films set in World War II often examine the issues of power in terms of race, age, gender and social class. One such novel is The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. An Irish novelist, Boyne is acutely aware of the issues of power and dominance as he grew up during the time of The Troubles between the Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland. Boyne uses the narrative conventionsRead MoreThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas1558 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"More than anything else, belonging is about finding a sense of our own place in the world† The book tells a story seen through the innocent eyes of an 8 year old boy, Bruno, who is unsure of his place in the world. The most evident concept of belonging is his hitch in his transition from childhood to adulthood. Throughout the book, he faces the conflict between accepting the harsh Jew-killing reality of the world or stay immersed in his fantastical world filled with adventure. Bruno also feelsRead MoreBoy In striped pyjamas764 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas - Fun Facts, Questions, Answers, Information Quizzes Games Other Team Welcome to our world of fun trivia quizzes and quiz games: Me ? New Player Page 1 of 2 Register New Player - Log In Play Now! Fun Trivia: B : Bj - Bq Movies Special Sub-Topic: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Click Here To Play: The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas In the movie The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas , which character uses the harsh line stating, They reRead MoreThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas The use of language in texts inspires emotional reactions in readers. A particular theme that impacts the reader is the World War II Holocaust when Germans killed the Jewish race. The holocaust is confronting as it demonstrates the horrors of war which conflicts with the values of the reader. From this point on many people acted and wanted equality throughout the world. 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The era in which this heartwarming yet heartbreaking novel is written is during the Nazi control of most of Eastern Europe, with the setting of the novel predominantly located in Auschwitz, Poland. The story unravels as Bruno, 9 year old son of the Commandant, after moving from his beloved Berlin to Auschwitz, strikes up an unlikely friendship with a boy on the ‘other side of the fence’, ShmuelRead MoreBoy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay971 Words   |  4 Pa gesThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas presents ideas about World War 2 and the holocaust. The movie shows what fear and Punishment and the innocence of childhood would have been like during WW2 and the holocaust. During World War 2 and the holocaust, fear within the Jewish race was created by the soldiers. Soldiers had the power and right to abuse and attack the Jewish people â€Å"when it pleased them.† Under Hitler, the soldiers had the next amount of ultimate power and used it to their advantage to pressureRead MoreThe Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Boyne’s novel, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, concerns human brutality. Courage, loyalty and love, however, are more important as themes in the novel. Do you agree? John Boyne’s novel, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, is a touching story, based on real events that have happened in the past. Although it concerns aspects of human brutality, in the end it shows us that courage, loyalty and love are far more important themes in this story. 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Great Depression and Technology Free Essays

As Albert Einstein once said â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. † Throughout the years our technology has become more and more advanced, creating more and more inventions. Modern technology has been created to fulfill every human’s needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Great Depression and Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now With such great advancements it has become convenient for our society to turn to technology for all our questions. We have not realized that day by day technology is taking over us. Many like to argue that it is not true, but if you were to take away every possible form of technology away from them, it would make living for them very difficult. Now a day, technology has played such an important role in our lives that it seems almost impossible for many of us to live without it. Being said, modern technology has produced more inconveniences than conveniences. To begin, with technology constantly advancing, many have become very reliant on it, making technology almost a necessity to a person’s everyday life. Almost everyone owns a car, a computer/laptop, a cell phone, and even higher advanced technology. Everywhere you go, people are either talking on their phone or texting, However, with so much technology being provided to us, it has made us profoundly lazy and too dependent on technology not allowing us to think for ourselves. So not only has modern technology made us lazy but also unintelligent. â€Å"Who can remember the days when you had to go to the library to do research for a research paper, had to pick up the morning newspaper to get the latest news, or had to buy a stamp and put a check in an envelope to pay a bill? In the last 50 years technology has undergone an amazing transformation. But with the emergence of the Internet, is our ability to access technology on a daily basis a good thing or a bad thing? † (Bradley). Bradley clearly states that we no longer do simple tasks on our own; we rely on technology to do them for us. We now use Google or other search engines to look up questions, turn on a televisions to see what is going on around us, and take a picture of a bill on our cell phones to pay it. â€Å"In another 50 years will we still be considered a lazy society? (Bradley). Furthermore, â€Å"Although the proliferation of communications technology has made it easier than to ever to have a conversation with or write a letter to another person, it has also rendered us more isolated. Computers have significantly reduced the amount of face-to-face interaction people once enjoyed. In place of the richness of human contact, many now settle for the comparatively pale pleasures of comp uter social networking† (Wolfe). With social medias like Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter, communicating with one another has become easier than ever. But this may not always be a good thing. People can easily create fake profiles and pretend to be a young man or woman when they can be a crazed rapist or murderer. Not only that but with so many social networks, cyber bullying has increased drastically. People can put whatever they want on the internet which can lower a person’s self-esteem causing for them to want to kill themselves. Also, since we communicate so much over social media, it can affect our writing skills. Many people who chat online do not use proper vocabulary. For example, instead of writing okay, they abbreviate it writing OK. This causes us to begin writing in slang when we write papers for school. As a society we should learn face-to-face communication instead of over the internet. As final point, with new advanced machines being created and the machines being capable to do almost anything, there has been an increase in job elimination. Some of these jobs would include those of farm workers and factory workers. â€Å"A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every sector and industry in the global economy. Already, millions of workers have been permanently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappeared. Global unemployment has now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s. More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply between now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs† (Rifkin). With modern technology taking over the jobs of farm workers, factory workers, etc, people are left jobless. And living in this economy has made it very difficult for people to find new jobs. Like Rotman said, â€Å"Rapid technological change has been destroying jobs faster than it is creating them. † With technology constantly evolving day by day our society has to be more careful than ever to not let it take over us. Although for many of us it may already have. How to cite Great Depression and Technology, Papers

Altruism and Knowledge Sharing free essay sample

Our thoughts are that in a perfect business world prescribed altruism could possibly be promoted to individual team members to help them feel free to share knowledge without the stigma of losing the competitive edge, but rather, to selflessly help coworkers, a team, or the overall organization to be as successful as possible. With that, we will explain in more detail how we feel that altruism can help and may even be contagious in the modern day bureaucracy that is the work place. From burger joints to engineering firms, the selfless sharing of process information can better any group or business willing to coach altruism into their organization from the ground, up. Altruism is defined as an unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others, as well as â€Å"benefiting another as an end in itself† (Batson, Lange, Ahmad, and Lishner, 2007,p. 241). Altruism results in an improved affect of the helper, higher levels of trust and moral awareness, increased collaboration, and a deeper sense of â€Å"we-ness† or collectivism (Batson, et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Altruism and Knowledge Sharing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2007) – all outcomes that organizations are seeking today. Knowledge sharing is an activity through which knowledge (i. e. , information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, families, communities or organizations. (Wikipedia, 2013) In an office environment this could be considered cross-training or on a simpler level just assisting your coworkers and making your company more productive and successful. So how can we successfully introduce altruism into the work environment? Here is what we propose; first organizations can orient employees to the positive effects of altruism by encouraging them to empathize with others and by providing individuals with developmental activities that help them understand the perspectives and needs of others. In other words, the organization needs to create and implement actives that involve team building exercises. We believe that creating positive relationships and trust amongst employees will help eliminate the need for knowledge hoarding. Individuals are more likely to share information with someone they can trust or feel close to. Second, is for leaders to work with employees to create a code of conduct and establish organizational norms of behavior. To reinforce desired conduct, team leaders should provide examples of caring exemplars from the organization’s history or from society. This step would leave individuals with a â€Å"warm and fuzzy† that they helped create rules for the organization giving them a sense of pride, therefore, making these rules and codes easier to understand and follow. This also, again creates a sense of unity causing the employees to bond, creating empathy towards one another. Lastly, organizations that encourage employee involvement in community organizations, and promote mutual understanding within the organization stand a much greater chance of creating a positive, empathetic environment. Creating activities, teaching empathy and encouraging involvement with community organizations are all ways that we can train our employees to assist our organizations to become more successful. But what does this entire concept have to do with knowledge sharing? The reason individuals choose not to share information could be because they are fearful of their completion. We all know that in order to reach the top we need to stand out from the rest. What better way than to know more than your competition? We feel that in order to eliminate this â€Å"fear† we need to establish relationships and trust amongst the organizations’ employees. Once these bonds and trusts have been establish it will decrease the need for so much competition. Allowing for the comport of sharing knowledge with other for the sake of the company’s success allowing all the individuals on the team to succeeded as well. If we introduce developmental activities, team building exercises, team created codes of conduct and try to create a stronger sense of unity in team environments, our working teams will have a better understanding of one another and genuinely care for each others success. If this behavior exists in an everyday work structure we strongly believe that knowledge hoarding could be a thing of the past. That the fear of competition will no longer be a threat but a reminder that all good leaders must have the confidence that they contributed to the entire success of the team and not just the individual. Introducing altruism (an unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others) could be the new coaching technique or the new business class taught in colleges. If we want our corporations to run more successfully, then why not introduce a program that teaches leaders and employees these qualities? References Byfield, R. (2013, May 13). Altruism Boosts Well-being. Retrieved from http://www. theepochtimes. com/n3/53987-altruism-boosts-well-being/ merriam-webster. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/altruism Wikipedia. (2013, May 06). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge_sharing

Domain Modelling Analysis and Design

Question: Discuss about the Domain Modelling for Analysis and Design. Answer: Domain Modelling Domain classes and attributes Class Attributes Client clientID PK cName, cAddress, cContaacPhoneNo, contactEmail Car_Loan vehicleID. clientID PK loanDate, returnDate Vehicle vehicle PK make, model, regNo Service_History serviceID, vehicleID PK serviceDate, odometerReading Service serviceID PK serviceDescription ServiceMechanic serviceID, mechanicID, vehicleID PK Mechanic mechanicID PK supervisorID Staff staffID - PK It is the base class for mechanic sub-class MechanicQualification mechanicID, qualificationID PK Qualification qualificationID PK PurchaseManager Sub-class of Staff base class FinanceManager Sub-class of Staff base class MarketingManager Sub-class of Staff base class Reminder reminderID PK description, generatedOn Bill billID PK generatedOn, status, paidOn Inventory inventoryID PK updatedOn Part partID PK partName, minQuantity, supplierID Supplier supplierID - PK businessContactNo Domain Model Class Diagram Description: By default the value of status is No. A client can make many loans for a particular car and a single car can be booked by many clients at different points of time. If a loan is cancelled then the car becomes available for other bookings. A vehicle can have many service histories and a service can be given to many vehicles. A service can include one to many mechanics. A mechanic is a sub-class of staff of the company. A mechanic can have one to many qualifications. Purchasing manager, finance manager and marketing manager are sub-classes of staff class. All mechanics have one and only one supervisor. Purchasing manager can manage one to many inventory and finance manager looks after various bills and invoices. State Machine Diagram Following state machine diagram is the object of CAR_LOAN class where the status of LOAN in its stated from open to yes: References George, J. (2004).Object-oriented systems analyanalysis and designsis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoffer, J., George, J., Valacich, J. (1999).Modern systems analysis and design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. In Adibi, S. (2015).Mobile health: A technology road map Marshall, G. (1985).Systems analysis and design. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.