Salvation In Islam As Against Salvation In Christianity Research Paper

Salvation In Islam As Against Salvation In Christianity - Research Paper Example The Answering Islam Organization for example advances the contention that â€Å"Christianity and Islam share a lot of shared opinion. Both follow their underlying foundations to Abraham. Both have confidence in prescience, God's delivery people (messengers), disclosure, sacred writing, the restoration of dead, and the centrality of strict community.† It is likewise fascinating to take note of that with respect to a teaching like salvation, the two religions have the two differences and similitudes. Three Perspectives of Salvation The correlation and withdrawal of salvation in accordance with the two religions along these lines Christianity and Islam will be seen from three significant viewpoints. These are the cause of transgression, the best approach to salvation and the outcomes of salvation. A nitty gritty conversation of the three viewpoints would give a pre-salvation conceptualization, salvation conceptualization and post-salvation conceptualization. On the issue of begin ning of transgression, which in the long run brings to the requirement for salvation, both Christianity and Islam accept that the primary family (Adam and Eve) trespassed against God. The distinction with the two religions anyway is the way that though in Christianity is it accepted that the wrongdoing of Adam and Eve lives on and makes all mankind evil, in this way the requirement for salvation, Islam accepts that the transgression of Adam and Eve were pardoned and that ages from there on bears no judgment of the primary sin. The Answering Islam Organization terms this circumstance as the creativity of wrongdoing. As indicated by the association, â€Å"Christianity instructs that the impacts of unique sin have adulterated the world and the people who exist in it.† â€Å"In Islam, notwithstanding, there is no such an unbelievable marvel as unique sin. The Qur'an does for sure express that Adam and Eve trespassed, yet as indicated by Islamic conviction, they atoned and were c ompletely excused with the goal that their transgression had no repercussions for the remainder of human race.† From the above conversation, it very well may be said that in Islam, the requirement for salvation emerges in light of the fact that different people sin against God and along these lines need His absolution, which is additionally named salvation. The motivation behind why salvation is required is anyway unique with Christianity on the grounds that with the Christian accept, everybody conceived of a lady needs salvation directly from birth since we each acquire the wrongdoings of Adam and Eve. It is along these lines not astounding that in Christianity, great deeds are isolated from being spared. In the Christian setting, on the grounds that every individual goes to the world with certain transgressions, regardless of how liberal or ethically upstanding an individual might be; if the individual doesn't get spared (salvation), their great deeds are not legitimized by God. Decisively, the two religions accept that mankind need salvation however the explanation or requirement for salvation is unique. In the wake of setting up that in Christianity individuals need salvation since they acquire sin yet in Islam individuals need salvation as a result of their own wrongdoing, the inquiry at that point becomes, for reasons unknown that an individual may require salvation, how is salvation conceded in seeing the two religions? On the most proficient method to achieve salvation, there is an unmistakable comparability among the two religions. From the Epistle of James section two, we read; â€Å"What great is it, my siblings, if a man professes to have confidence however has no deeds? Can such confidence spare him (Verse 14)? Similarly, confidence by

Luxury Car Market in India Essay

The Luxury merchandise industry is an exceptionally wide industry containing items from watches, adornments, aromas, costly wines to yachts, costly pens, and garments. Products for which request builds all the more relatively when contrasted with pay, are known as ‘Luxury goods’, as opposed to a â€Å"necessity goods†, for which request increments less relatively to salary. Some rich products are purchased because of the tag suggested of a superficial point of interest, such merchandise will in general connote the buying influence of the individuals who get them. These merchandise are not in every case preferable in quality or appearance over their more affordable substitutes. The fundamental motivation behind buying these products is to show the abundance of their proprietors. The business is supposed to be exceptionally repeating and the main impetus behind the development of this industry is riches around the world, while the financial development and states of different districts influence this industry. Gems has been a piece of the Indian human advancement since old history. They were in style since antiquated developments as Harappa and Mohanjodaro. Made out of practically any material, gems is fundamentally enhanced to feature about anyone part. Be it the conventional gems or the most recent ones which are progressively sought after, I. e. the ensemble and impersonation jewelery. There is no deficiency with regards to complementing the excellence with fluctuated inventive and amazingly structured adornments things. This report has concentrated on extravagance item classifications and gems. The report gives an outline on the size of the market, significance of extravagance merchandise, target advertise, issues confronted and the different driving components just as the most recent patterns. The major worldwide extravagance advertise players have been profiled. Proclamation OF RESEARCH QUESTION? The Indian diamonds and gems segment is likewise to a great extent chaotic at present. There are in excess of 15,000 players the nation over in the gold handling industry, of which just around 80 players have a turnover of over $4. 15 million. I need to assess the issues looked by the adornments area and think of measures to help make the part progressively composed. ?The ascent of the white collar class populace in India is assessed to associate with 120-150 million. Remembering this I need to potray the market capability of extravagance merchandise in India. ?India as a Manufacturing Hub for Global Luxury Brands. I need to contemplate and assess techniques received by significant nations and close the chance of India being the assembling center for worldwide extravagance brands. Hypothetical RATIONAL The approach of outside extravagance brands is in a manner a pointer of the promising India development story. Hoping to procure early mover points of interest, these brands have opened for business in our nation. The Indian extravagance advertise, right now in its development stage needs to address key concerns like the absence of satisfactory retail framework and restricted accessibility of prepared workforce for the exchange on the off chance that it wishes to advance extravagance retail in the nation. The present reality is taking a gander at India, and the items coming out of it. Our abilities pool talks about the most elevated level of craftsmanship and innovativeness as it has advanced and been refined by numerous ages that carry on the exchange. India is additionally all around ready to be a re-appropriating goal for remote extravagance brands. The conspicuous advantages that India brings to the table, for example, low work costs, predominance of textures and customization, gives it a bit of leeway over different mass delivering nations. To accomplish the goal of advancing indigenous brands and situating India as a future assembling center point for extravagance merchandise, union in the business is basic. The need of great importance is for the business players to make a modern plan of action upheld by monetary and legitimate footings, and for the administration to build up the essential framework. India’s extravagance division has increased critical speed. It has the potential and assets, to eclipse other creating economies. Consequently the course is chalked out and the goal is known. On the off chance that the street can be freed from difficulties and obstacles, extravagance retailing in India will have a smooth drive ahead. THE EXPECTED IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT FOR ORGANIZATIONS My examination on extravagance merchandise and adornments is creative on the grounds that it unites investigation of national talks about Indian market with an investigation of the practices and decisions of the Indian government and the extravagance products and gems area. I accept this examination can be useful to the country, advancement offices, and indigenous associations. I am especially dedicated to imparting the consequences of my examination to the Jewelers Association in India and expectation that my work won't simply be an extraction of certainties, however will give them data with which they can help make the division increasingly composed. Fundamental LITERATURE REVIEW Attempting to break into business sectors abroad is commonly more testing than attempting to venture into new household markets. Globalization is the procedure of social, political, monetary, social and mechanical combination among nations around the globe. (Hodgetts/Luthans/Doh, 2006:pg. 7). Proof of development is seen by expanded degrees of exchange, capital streams and movements; a ton of changes in nature have occurred. India is the world’s second most crowded nation; it has generally had too much of political and financial issues. The per capita GDP stays low, yet the ongoing ecological patterns have supported therefore assisting with reinforcing a huge center and high society advertise for merchandise in the extravagance and jwellery industry. The business is ruled by family gem dealers, who establish about 96% of the market. Composed players, for example, Tata with its Tanishq image, have, be that as it may, been becoming consistently cutting a 4% piece of the pie. As India’s adornments showcase develops, it is relied upon to get increasingly sorted out and the portion of family gem specialists is required to decrease. There are in excess of 6,000 players in local precious stone preparing industry. The normal incubation time frame for setting up a precious stone cutting and cleaning unit is 15 months. The low incubation time frame, combined with low capital expense permits simple passage into the segment. This has prompted the business being to a great extent described by countless little scope players. In any case, similarly as on account of gems, the portion of the sorted out segment has expanded altogether as of late because of an expansion sought after for better and better nature of completed merchandise. India Gems and Jewelry Industry †Highlights Jewelry showcase size †$13 billion Diamond adornments †$1. 2 billion Gold gems showcase development year on year †15% Diamond gems advertise development †27% (By bharatbook. com Dated: Jul 24, 2008). As indicated by showcase reports, around 6-7 million Indians can stand to purchase extravagance merchandise yet falter to do as such since they are new to brands and items. With a developing tycoon base in India, the extravagance showcase is developing every year at around 35% CAGR (The Economic Times: August 10, 2008) If India keeps the most recent three years normal development at 9%, the pay levels of purchasers is required to practically significantly increase by 2025. By 2025, it is evaluated that India will turn into the fifth biggest customer advertise, ascending from twelfth biggest today. High extra cash and a to a great extent youthful populace will drive utilization designs upwards. With a tremendous youth people beneath 25 years and having a 17% portion of the world working populace, India presents an enormous market for brands over the range. It is evaluated that 52% of extravagance clients are in the age section of 25-34years old. By 2033, the dynamic age bunch 25-45 years is relied upon to associate with 33% of the populace. With the normal time of potential extravagance buyers diminishing, the nation is a goldmine holding back to be tapped. Given the center qualities of the assembling division, India can all around become an assembling center for worldwide extravagance brands. As of now marks like Louis Vuitton and Frette are taking a gander at India as an assembling base for their items, however there are other people who just source their prerequisites from India. It is evaluated that the assembling of extravagance things in India can develop to US $500 million13. This assembling ability whenever saddled appropriately can drive India as one of the main goals for fabricate. The cost points of interest, especially in the process of giving birth concentrated areas like cowhide and frill add to the benefit of the nation. Extravagance in India To be effective in India, it is both important to measure the money related potential just as the outlook of the Indian extravagance customer. This will help in delivering the correct item contributions to the Indian customer just as focusing on them better. Subjective Insights 1. As indicated by an investigation by American Express, ‘Inside the Affluent Space’, the mentality of the Indian buyer is a longing to demonstrate that â€Å"I’ve Made It†. This can be identified with the extravagance arrangement which depends on the way that extravagance is viewed as a prize, both for accomplishments in life just as exhibiting these accomplishments to other people. 2. The Luxury Marketing Council Worldwide has set up a part in India, with the point of advancing extravagance in India. Their assignment will likewise be to assemble cooperative energy between different extravagance brands inspired by India by method of sharing of customer bits of knowledge just as best practices. 3. Indeed, even the Asian area isn't uniform in its inclination for extravagance as far as need satisfaction. Accordingly, it gets essential to portray the requirements of the Indian shopper from the other Asian areas to target them better. This plan picks up significance on the grounds that numerous Indians take a gander at obtaining extravagance from spots, for example, Hong Kong, Tokya, China and so forth. Eg. It is intriguing to take note of that Singapore buyers are a greater amount of specialists contrasted with Hong Kong purchasers who need Talk-Value from their extravagance products. 4. Hindustan Times has

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X

Martin Luther King Junior and Malcolm X were key figures who stood out forever of the United States because of their phenomenal endeavors in battling for social liberties and end of bigotry in America. Every one of them had an alternate strategy and perspective on battling against the social treacheries against the blacks. Martin Luther King was a Christian, while Malcolm X was a Muslim, that is the reason their perspectives depended on their strict foundations, and the manner in which they had been raised by their parents.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Martin Luther King and Malcolm X explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Martin Luther King started from a common class family, therefore he was an informed individual, while Malcolm X had been raised from a modest foundation, which made him drop out of school and participate in drugs. Martin Luther King Jr. had a quiet methodology towards battling against social shameful acts as he accepted that the y could be destroyed through a discourse. Despite what might be expected, Malcolm X had an alternate view, which could be followed back to his childhood. He gained an unpleasant mentality towards the whites who he accepted were the wellspring of his issues. While Martin Luther King demanded peaceful obstruction or integrationist theory, Malcolm X had a solid have confidence in patriot and nonconformist precepts. Their methods of reasoning brought about shaping differentiating sees in the people’s minds as far as reasonableness. Martin Luther King’s reasoning of peacefulness spoke to Americans of the 1960’s the most. Martin Luther King’s reasoning of dealing with the social treacheries was planned for uniting blacks and whites as an association. This teaching had six fundamental standards, which guided it. One of them expressed that peaceful protestors ought not ruin the adversaries yet rather search for their comprehension and kinship. He had a solid acce pt that the best way to conquer a villain was by become friends with him. Battling, as indicated by his view, couldn't take care of the issue yet would heighten scorn between the two gatherings. Savagery may kill the killer, however it would not kill the homicide itself; it could execute the liar, yet it would not dispense with untruth, and viciousness may kill the unscrupulous individual, yet not untruthfulness (King, â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech†). Brutality will never be an exit plan as it will just escalate the issue. Malcolm X trusted in the precept of partition as an answer for social shameful acts. In his discourse, he said that by working independently, the earnest white individuals and true dark individuals would really be cooperating. He announced, â€Å"Let the earnest whites proceed to instruct peacefulness to white people† (Malcolm X â€Å"The Homecoming Rally of the OAAU†). He further put more accentuation on the principle of division by saying that when cash was removed from the area in which one lived, the area wherein an individual contributed his/her cash got wealthier and wealthier (Malcolm X â€Å"The Homecoming Rally of the OAAU†).Advertising Looking for paper on african american? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, all together for the blacks to control their economy, cash ought to be spent inside the area. Besides, as indicated by Malcolm X, discourse was not the answer for the treacheries on the grounds that the adversary would not hear what you were stating. He said that, ‘You know you can’t impart in the event that one man is communicating in French and the other is communicating in German, his language is brutality’ (Malcolm X â€Å"The Homecoming Rally of the OAAU†). He even upheld for various organizations for the Afro-Americans (Malcolm X â€Å"The Homecoming Rally of the OAAU†). He saw the best way to know the enemy’s language was by contemplating his history. Theory of peacefulness pushed by Martin Luther King Junior depended on another guideline expressing that peaceful opposition was attitude to attempt enduring without vindicating. He accepted that one day he would see blacks and whites together. â€Å"Let us walk on isolated schools until each remnant of isolation and sub-par training turns into a relic of times gone by and Negroes and whites study one next to the other in the socially mending of the classroom† (King, â€Å"Our God is Marching On†). In his discourse â€Å"I Have a Dream† he said that, â€Å"I have a fantasy that my four kids will one day live in a country where they won't be decided by the shade of their skin however by their character’ (King). He additionally had a solid confidence in accomplishment of opportunity without viciousness. In spite of the fact that Malcolm X didn't support viciousness, he had a solid complaint rega rding the matter of peacefulness reasoning on the blacks. In his â€Å"Interview with Young Socialist Alliance Leaders†, he said that, â€Å"nonviolence is just lectured dark Americans and I don’t oblige any individual who needs to show our kin peacefulness until somebody simultaneously is showing our foe to be nonviolent† (Malcolm). As per him, this could possibly work in the event that it was finished by the two gatherings. The way of thinking of peacefulness by Martin Luther King Junior was the most reasonable for this case. His technique for tending to social issues was not one-sided. He took a gander at the two sides similarly, and he realized that regardless of whether they turned to savagery, the blacks would be dwarfed by the whites. † The Negro would confront the equivalent unaltered conditions, a similar dirtiness and hardship †the main contrast being that sharpness would be more intense† (King â€Å"Our God is Marching On†). In contrast with Malcolm’s nonconformist way of thinking, the King’s one would be best since it pushed for bringing the warring gatherings together.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Martin Luther King and Malcolm X explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Malcolm X introduced his contentions for the Negros (Malcolm X â€Å"Twenty Million Black People in Political, Economic and Mental Prison†). Accordingly, the hole between them turned out to be considerably more extensive. Martin Luther King delivered a feeling that he was serene and hopeful while a large portion of his addresses supported the soul of fellowship among blacks and whites. Works Cited King, Martin Luther. â€Å"I Have a Dream Speechâ€Å", the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. 28 Aug. 1963. Web. Lord, Martin Luther. â€Å"Our God is Marching On.† Montgomery, Alabama. 21 Mar. 1965. Web. Malcolm X. â€Å"Interview with Young Socialist Alliance Leaders.† 18 Jan. 1965. Web. Malcolm X. â€Å"The Homecoming Rally of the OAAU.† New York. 29 Nov. 1964. Keynote Address. Malcolm X. â€Å"Twenty Million Black People in Political, Economic and Mental Prison.† Michigan State University, 23 Jan. 1963. Keynote Speech. This exposition on Martin Luther King and Malcolm X was composed and presented by client Gregory Mclean to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

DETECTION OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES IN SERUM USING AN ELISA TECHNIQUE Essay

Discovery OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES IN SERUM USING AN ELISA TECHNIQUE - Essay Example These immunoglobulins are of five kinds and they are diverse dependent on size, charge, amino corrosive sythesis and starch content. the class and the kind of immunoglobulin atom is dictated by the substantial chain type. There are two light chains and two substantial chains. There are C and N-terminal in the substantial chains. (Crowther 1995). The N-terminals of the IgG establish the antigen - restricting site. People can get impervious to numerous irresistible ailments by dynamic or aloof vaccination. The helpful impacts of the vaccination are interceded by the antibodies and the impact of inoculation is intervened by the immunoassays. (Crowther 2001). The estimation of the antigen and counter acting agent by utilizing touchy measures are the valuable pointers of the safe status. At the point when an irresistible specialist enters the human body, the segment is recognized as the remote molecule and antibodies are delivered against them. These antibodies associate with the antigens and diminish the heap. (Edwards 1999). The immunoassay strategy recognizes the antigens, antigen - particles present in the blood and give the outcomes. Every immune response is explicit for an antigen. ELISA is fundamentally of two sorts: serious and non-serious ELISA. ELISA includes two site acknowledgment with two unique antibodies (i.e.) a circuitous estimation. Serious ELISA is not quite the same as the sandwich ELISA and aberrant ELISA. In the initial step the unlabelled immune response is brooded on the nearness of the antigen. This antigen-immune response limited is added to the antigen-covered well. The plate is washed and the second counter acting agent explicit to the essential immunizer is included and the subsequent neutralizer is coupled to the protein. At the point when the substrate is included, the sign is transmitted by the rest of the compound. In this ELISA, on the off chance that the antigen focus is high, at that point the sign will be powerless. This techniqu e is predominantly used to test the debased and rough examples. This technique is helpful for the recognition of HIV. For HIV conclusion, the patient's example and the compound marked neutralizer (conjugate) is added all the while to the strong stage. HIV antibodies, if present stuck the example will sticky situation to the conjugate immune response and lessen the sign. Along these lines on the off chance that the shading response is created, at that point it demonstrates that there are no HIV antibodies in the given example. Uses of ELISA incorporate screening of the gave blood for viral defilements( HIV types, Hepatitis B and C, HTLV-1 and 2), estimating the hormone levels( pregnancy(HCG), ovulation( LH), thyroid capacity ( TSH, T3 and T4), anabolic steroids, hormones), identifying contaminations( HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gondii), distinguishing allergens in nourishments and poisons in food sources, estimating the convergence of the antibodies and recognizing unlawful medications ( cocaine, sedatives, maryjane, and so forth.), estimating auto antibodies in immune system infections and estimating rheumatoid components . (Sheehan 1997). (Wreghitt and Morgan-Capner 1990). Rule When an immunizer is connected to the protein and permitted to respond with the immobilized antigen, antigen-counter acting agent response happens. This is recognized by the creation of shading by the substrate compound response. The antigen is immobilized in either a microtiter plate or on nitrocellulose layer. A protein marked counter acting agent is included overabundance to the framework and these ties to the immobilized antigen. Abundance immune response is evacuated by washing and the substrate explicit for the

Quad Life

Quad Life I was confused when I was put into a room with three strangers at the beginning of this year. Two of the girls I had heard about in a very roundabout way, and the third I approached awkwardly when everyone had already paired up for their room assignments within Baker. Want to be my roommate? Yeah, sure. Liz and I filled out our rooming forms together single sided sheets of paper with prompts like Who do you want to live with? and Tell us something funny, we read a lot of these! It seemed to go pretty smoothly until she brought up that she would be waking up for crew practice diligently at 6am every day. Crap. Not my ideal start to the year. A lot of people wonder what its like living in a quad four girls in a glorious 500-something square foot room furnished with two sinks, huge windows facing the river, and just enough space to house our joint collection of shoes, sweaters, shampoo and study fuel (AKA our weight in ramen and hello panda) and its not easy to describe. (For those of you worried about getting put in a quad, there are only 10 on campus, all located in Baker House. Dont sweat it!) The year got off to a rocky start. I never quite recovered from Nicole claiming the first bed with a bag of grapes turns out they werent even hers or realizing that at any point in time, someone in our room was rustling and some degree of awake. You might ask how weve made it so far into the year without any issues, and all I can say is that we figured out how to be friends. Fancy that! Our room is best described by the little signs that we leave that weve learned to read throughout the year. We know that someones had a bad day when theres the faithful five ounce bag of honey barbeque Fritos in our trash can that someone grabbed at LaVerdes on the way back from class. We know that when we try not to turn on the lights and end up walking into rain boots, a swiffer, an iron pot, a laundry basket, two chairs and a lamp, all we really want to do is fall into bed and sleep and were sorry that we made more noise than a street drummer. And we know that even after our good days, all we want to do is eat dinner at 5:30 on the dot because we missed lunch and we cant wait to order sweet potato fries and indulge in an occasional 0% fruit juice beverage of our choice (okay, its HI-C, I admit it!) Before the 8.01 final last fall from the left, me, Nicole, and Anji looking particularly cheery And were happy when were all in the room so we can laugh at bad YouTube videos, whatshouldtimcallme.tumblr.com, get ready to go out at night, or just stay in to karaoke at the top of our lungs and paint our nails. Our weeks start with a collective sigh Monday morning, and by the time our psets are finished by Friday we perk up and get ready for the weekend! Together were good at solving life problems, boy problems, and differential equation problems. In the past 8 months weve constructed a little home and a little family. Ill omit pictures of our room because it looks like we took four model room sets from Target, tetrised them all into a funny shaped brick room, and then transported the toiletries and school supplies section of Walmart and scattered it on our beds, tables, shelves and floors oops. Dressed up with Anji and Liz for winter fraternity formals (left) and with Liz for spring fraternity formals (right)! And for all the accidental wake-ups, stuff everywhere, running around the room late for class, Im sure as hell going to miss what we have in Baker 446. My wall one of the few orderly things in our room Good thing were living in doubles in Baker next to each other next year! :) Thanks Liz, Nicole and Anji for an amazing year. You guys are the best roommates I ever couldve asked for, and then some.

Quad Life

Quad Life I was confused when I was put into a room with three strangers at the beginning of this year. Two of the girls I had heard about in a very roundabout way, and the third I approached awkwardly when everyone had already paired up for their room assignments within Baker. Want to be my roommate? Yeah, sure. Liz and I filled out our rooming forms together single sided sheets of paper with prompts like Who do you want to live with? and Tell us something funny, we read a lot of these! It seemed to go pretty smoothly until she brought up that she would be waking up for crew practice diligently at 6am every day. Crap. Not my ideal start to the year. A lot of people wonder what its like living in a quad four girls in a glorious 500-something square foot room furnished with two sinks, huge windows facing the river, and just enough space to house our joint collection of shoes, sweaters, shampoo and study fuel (AKA our weight in ramen and hello panda) and its not easy to describe. (For those of you worried about getting put in a quad, there are only 10 on campus, all located in Baker House. Dont sweat it!) The year got off to a rocky start. I never quite recovered from Nicole claiming the first bed with a bag of grapes turns out they werent even hers or realizing that at any point in time, someone in our room was rustling and some degree of awake. You might ask how weve made it so far into the year without any issues, and all I can say is that we figured out how to be friends. Fancy that! Our room is best described by the little signs that we leave that weve learned to read throughout the year. We know that someones had a bad day when theres the faithful five ounce bag of honey barbeque Fritos in our trash can that someone grabbed at LaVerdes on the way back from class. We know that when we try not to turn on the lights and end up walking into rain boots, a swiffer, an iron pot, a laundry basket, two chairs and a lamp, all we really want to do is fall into bed and sleep and were sorry that we made more noise than a street drummer. And we know that even after our good days, all we want to do is eat dinner at 5:30 on the dot because we missed lunch and we cant wait to order sweet potato fries and indulge in an occasional 0% fruit juice beverage of our choice (okay, its HI-C, I admit it!) Before the 8.01 final last fall from the left, me, Nicole, and Anji looking particularly cheery And were happy when were all in the room so we can laugh at bad YouTube videos, whatshouldtimcallme.tumblr.com, get ready to go out at night, or just stay in to karaoke at the top of our lungs and paint our nails. Our weeks start with a collective sigh Monday morning, and by the time our psets are finished by Friday we perk up and get ready for the weekend! Together were good at solving life problems, boy problems, and differential equation problems. In the past 8 months weve constructed a little home and a little family. Ill omit pictures of our room because it looks like we took four model room sets from Target, tetrised them all into a funny shaped brick room, and then transported the toiletries and school supplies section of Walmart and scattered it on our beds, tables, shelves and floors oops. Dressed up with Anji and Liz for winter fraternity formals (left) and with Liz for spring fraternity formals (right)! And for all the accidental wake-ups, stuff everywhere, running around the room late for class, Im sure as hell going to miss what we have in Baker 446. My wall one of the few orderly things in our room Good thing were living in doubles in Baker next to each other next year! :) Thanks Liz, Nicole and Anji for an amazing year. You guys are the best roommates I ever couldve asked for, and then some.

The Impact of Engineering Innovations in Medicine - 1100 Words

The Impact of Engineering Innovations in Medicine (Research Paper Sample) Content: THE IMPACT OF ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS IN MEDICINEby (Name)CourseInstructorUniversity10 June 2017The Impact of Engineering Innovations in MedicineThis essay discusses the role of engineering innovations in near-term transformations of the medical field. Engineering is a multi-disciplinary field and cannot be restricted to its more familiar aspects such as chemical, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering. The essay explores several other interdisciplinary subjects derived from the extension of engineering concepts to healthcare applications. These sub-disciplines are micro-technology, nanotechnology, neuro-engineering, and 3D bio-printing. More specifically, the impact of novel engineering applications for healthcare purposes is evaluated based on their impact in the field of medicine over the next five years. Finally, the essay closes with a re-statement of the developments in engineering that are assessed to transform medicine.Microtechnology and NanotechnologyE xamples of the evolution in engineering that promise to lead to near-term improvements in health care outcomes are microtechnology and nanotechnology. While each of these terms reflects the manipulation of material at miniaturized levels, they have meaningful differences in definition. For instance, microtechnology refers to the manipulation of materials at the micrometer scale (Albers, Deigendesch, Turki and Mller, 2010) while Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation of quantum-realm scale, that is, at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular level (Arora et al., 2014). Nonetheless, miniaturization is a firmly mechanical engineering concept that has found use in healthcare applications (Albers, Deigendesch, Turki and Mller, 2010).Microtechnology has led to the development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) embedded in medical devices such as blood pressure sensors, stents, and bio-sensors. Over the next five years, applications of innovations in microtechnology will lead to development of Bio-MEMS in microneedles, microsurgical tools, microfluidics, medical implants, and tissue engineering (Kim, Park and Prausnitz, 2012; Chung, Lee, Khademhosseini and Lee, 2012; Volpatti and Yetisen, 2014; Ranamukhaarachchi et al., 2016). Between 2018 and 2021, the BioMEMS market will grow to a US$6.6 to US$7.6 billion market (Mounier, Troadec, Girardin and Mouly, 2016). In particular, BioMEMS technology has been incorporated into lab-on-a-chip devices that integrate laboratory experiments into single chips, substantially lowering the costs of laboratory tests and improving diagnostic outcomes.Nanotechnology has been behind the deployment of nanobots for enhanced drug delivery. Nanorobots for drug delivery are a very particular application of nanotechnology and, while they may appear far-fetched, are already in use. For instance, research findings published in 2012 regarding the use of nanorobots in cancer therapy developed rapidly to human trials in 2015 (Douglas, B achelet, and Church, 2012; Leukemia Research Foundation, 2014; Amir, Abu-Horowitz and Bachelet, 2015; Wang, 2015). These advancements in miniaturization promise to increase access to healthcare and reduce errors in diagnosis and treatment (Owen et al., 2014).Neural EngineeringAnother area where innovations in engineering will improve healthcare over the next five years is in neural engineering or neuro-engineerings. A dramatically new sub-specialty within the field of biomedical engineering, neuro-engineering promises radical improvements in the repair, enhancement, and replacement of neural systems (He et al., 2013; Klein et al., 2015). This field is concerned with how neural systems can interact with and augment artificial devices. Engineering principles are essential to modeling synaptic transmission and in the design of neural code generators (Dubreuil, Amit, and Brunel, 2014; Gallivan and Culham, 2015). Immediately recognizable examples of solutions utilizing these engineering concepts include prosthetics responsive to human thought. Other applications include electrocorticography for safer and non-invasive implants (ECoG) (Lebedev and Nicolelis, 2017), neural networks for modeling mental disorders (Markram, 2014), deep-brain stimulation (DBS) to treat Parkinsons diseases (Schuepbach et al., 2013), among much more.Neuro-prosthetics, however, provide directly demonstrable benefits and deserve additional commentary. The human nervous system is, on the whole, a system of circuits that rely on switches to transmit neural signals from point to point (Kiernan and Rajakumar, 2013). This biological system is based on genetic proteins at the cellular and molecular levels. However, the system has mechanics that make it modelable through electrical engineering principles (Muller et al., 2015). Innovations in modeling these bio-electrical mechanics have enabled development of far responsive and non-invasive prosthetics for amputees. Take for instance the DEKA Arm Sys tem (Borgia, Latlief, Sasson and Smurr-Walters, 2014; Resnik, Klinger and Etter, 2014). The prosthetic arm system was the very first neuro-prosthetic to receive FDA approval in 2014 as part of a larger federal-funded prosthetic arm program. Hancock et al. (2016) document improved the quality of life and functional measures for amputees selecting to receive the system. Deployment of this high-performing and reliable particular arm system relies especially on advances in precision amplifier technology, which, in turn, rely on electrical engineering principles. Over the next five years, these cortical prosthetics and other neuro-engineering technologies will restore autonomy to amputees and patients with neuromuscular injuries (Chan et al., 2012).3D Bio-printingAnother perhaps, even more, innovation in 3D bio-printing or bimolecular printing. Once again, perfecting the application of 3D printing at a cellular and molecular level requires understanding the principles of shape dispositio n and multi-material micro casting. Due to the difficulties in achieving successful cellular printing, 3D bio-printing is a very recent development, with the very first patent for this process was granted in the United States as recently as 2006 (Doyle, 2014; Chia and Wu, 2015). In fact, the inaugural production platform for 3D printed biomaterial, the NovoGen MMX Bio-printer, was unveiled in 2009 (Ozbolat and Yu, 2013). Due to this recency, the field also goes by several other terms including computer-aided tissue engineering and organ printing.However, the technology holds great promise. The technology has been used to print tissue models for pharmaceutical testing, organ models as biomedical templates, and implants for regenerative medicine. Already, several researchers report having successfully printed human organs such as the human liver, ear cartilage, and miniature renal tissue (Singh, Ahmed, and Abhilash, 2015; Wang et al., 2016). Applications of these biodegradable tissue analogs are a decade or so away (Ozbolat and Yu, 2013). Immediate utility of this technology, however, is realizable in drug testing and screening and as templates for physiological experiments and cell culture. King, Presnell, and Nguyen (2014) report the superior performance of a 3D bio printed human breast disease model for the screening of chemotherapeutic drugs. Kucukgul et al. (2015) demonstrate the utility of 3D bioprinting in generating a biomimetic cardiovascular disease model. Over the next several years, use of these physiologically relevant in vivo-like systems will lead to efficient, cheaper, and accurate drug development.ConclusionEngineering is, by definition, an interdisciplinary domain with various extensions in different fields. The expansion of engineering innovations into health care applications is, therefore, poised to intensify and deliver greater patient safety and therapy outcomes. This essay has highlighted the areas where these two disciplines intersect. A lso, the essay has provided an examination of what this intersection means for health care over the next five years. As already stated, physicians and patients stand to benefit significantly from engineering innovations. Indeed, these innovations enable doctors to deploy a greater variety of solutions during disease treatment and management. Therefore, physicians that embrace an inter-disciplinary approach involving health care professionals and engineers stand an even better chance of achieving better treatment outcomes. In concussion, as the two disciplines continue to evolve, professionals should be encouraged to foster accelerated information exchange.ReferencesAlbers, A., Deigendesch, T., Turki, T. and Mller, T., 2010. 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